2.1. The following table shows the advantages and disadvantages of the following communication channels: TYPE OF COMMUNICATION: FORMALITY: ADVANTAGES: DISADVANTAGES: Downward Communication Formal  Effective communication of objectives: upper management can effortlessly communicate objectives and assign related responsibilities to achieve these objectives.  Ease of delegation: Delegation is much simpler if it comes from the vertical communication structure that represents the chain of command.  Slow feedback: It takes a long time for communication to travel down a structure and then back up to higher positions in the hierarchy, so this results in slow feedback, which leads to problems, especially in the dynamic sector. No Motivation: Due to slow feedback and reliance on formal communication channels, this communication system doesn't really help motivation. Upward Communication: Formal  Feedback: Managers will get feedback from their employees which will help in promoting organizational expansion. Mutual Trust: This brings employees and managers closer to each other, as the trust between them grows, the their relationship becomes greater.  Delay: Sometimes executives are reluctant to let managers know if there is a problem because they don't want to look like failures.  Cultural differences: This can have an effect on the language in messages reaching upward communication. This obstacle may be more common with global procedures, large international workforces, or diverse local economic labor markets. Horizontal Communication Informal  Reduces errors of interpretation between departments working on the same projects, this... medium of paper.... ..or messages distributed by electronic means from one computer to another or to multiple recipients across the network. EXAMPLE: A company like Groupon sends emails to its customers spreading the word about special offers from different companies so that people can see them and take advantage of them.3.10. WEBSITE: Refers to companies that have websites made available for public viewing. The public is able to see what the business is about and what it has to offer. Marketing PR materials are uploaded to their websites so that the public can access them. EXAMPLE: An organization like Proudly South African has a corporate website where they display and expose information about the company to the public making it easy of the public. understand what the organization does and what its main purposes are.