The modern definition of "culture" is "art, literature, music, and other intellectual expressions of a particular society or era" ("Culture", Oxford's Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English). There are two main concepts in the study of communication and culture: the materialist and idealist view of culture. The materialist approach deals with the literary criticisms of Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels and the Frankfurt School, where culture is constituted by class relations and social structure, while the idealist approach deals with the literary criticisms of Matthew Arnold (Arnoldian) , FR Leavis and QD Leavis (Leavisite) where he discriminates between high culture and low culture. This essay seeks to examine how the concept of high culture and its alternative counterparts is used. Idealism, according to the Oxford definition, is "the practice of forming, pursuing, or believing in ideals" ("Idealism", Oxford's Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English). . The idealist approach in the anthropological study of culture places its importance on the “informing spirit” that informs the interests and values ​​of people through the higher society, the educated minority through language, artistic styles, and types of intellectual work (Williams, 1981 ). This view was first developed by Arnold's theory of high culture and later by Leavis' theory of mass society in determining what complements "culture", thus discriminating between "the best and the worst of culture" ( Barker, 2009:41). Arnold, as famously quoted, defined culture as "the best that has been thought and said in the world" (Arnold, 1960: 6) where moral perfection and social greatness can be achieved through "reading, observing and thinking" (. .. half of the document ...... Advanced Dictionary of Current English (p. 295, 5th edition Oxford: Oxford University Press.Idealism (1995) In J. Crowther (ed.), Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of English current (p. 635, 5th edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Marx, K. “The Materialist Conception of History,” in T. B. Bottomore and M. Rubels (eds.), Karl Marx Selected Writings in Sociology & Social Philosophy ;, Penguin, Ringwood, 1973, pp. 67-80. Materialism (1995) In J. Crowther (ed.), Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English (p. 788, 5th ed.). . Schiach, M. “TV: Technology and Cultural Decline”, Discourse on Popular Culture, Polity Press, 4 pages. Swingewood, A. “The Theory of Mass Society”, The Myth of Mass Culture, London, 1977, pp. 8-10.Williams, R. “Towards A Sociology of Culture”, Culture, Fontana, Glasgow, 1981, pp. 9-14.