Internal validity, unlike external and construct validity, deals with causal relationships. In other words, the question is whether any additional research found is actually associated with the current study. The question, once again, is whether we can be sure that the outcome of the study is the outcome of the experiment itself. This means that internal validity is the extent to which a change in a given variable is caused by a change in another variable. According to Jimenez-Buedo (2011), it is difficult to make a valid reference to the existence of a causal relationship when conducting an experiment in a laboratory-like environment. Jimenez-Buedo (2011) further states that both internal and external validity are inferred without adequate evidence to support the claims made in many cases. Jimenez-Buedo (2011) also states that the generalization of findings in the case of external validity should not be taken lightly. In other words, you seem to believe that in many cases associated with experiments conducted in a laboratory setting versus the real world, neither internal nor external validity should be inferred. This seems to mean that in all circumstances Jimenez-Buedo (2011) prefers to conduct experiments that are as representative as possible of the real world in order to validate the results and to infer a causal or generalizable relationship. Similarly, in order to validate construct validity, Malhotra et al. (2012) recommend that when conducting research, researchers use multiple or single scales to validate experiment data, depending on the complexity of the experiment. Malhotra et al. (2012) also recommends using a stepwise approach... half of the paper ...... include single-task bias, according to Trochim and Donnelly (2008), which poses a threat to construct validity. This happens when there is a problem with the operationalization of the independent variable relative to the construct on which it was based. Another design threat is that of mono-method bias and this threat to construct validity refers to the use of only one measurement method, i.e. (you cannot provide evidence that you are measuring what you say you are measuring) (Trochim & Donnelly, 2008). Furthermore, according to Trochim & Donnelly (2008), a threat to construct validity is that of the interaction of different treatments, meaning that experiences external to those controlled by the experiment influence the outcome of the study. An additional design-related threat to construct validity is the interaction between test and treatment