Eukaryotic cells The cell can be considered the basic unit of an organism, it carries out the essential processes that make the organism a living entity. All cells share some structural and functional characteristics and are almost universally present in living organisms. Biologists have paid a lot of attention to its structure and the processes that occur within it. They recognized an important distinction between two types of cells: eukaryotic cells that have a nucleus and prokaryotic cells that do not have a nucleus. There are many other differences between these two cells, most notably eukaryotic cells have a complete set of membrane-bound organelles in their cytoplasm and are characterized by the possession of these organelles. Eukaryotic cells are typical of the vast majority of organisms, including all animal and plant cells, and it is precisely this type of cell that we will examine. They are multicellular, that is, composed of groups of specialized cells, each of which performs a particular function. They also display a high level of structural complexity that allows for an elaborate division of labor, which has allowed them to achieve high orders of functional complexity. The biological membrane and the various molecular complexes contained within it must now be considered as playing a central role in both the cellular structure and its functions. All cells, whether animal or plant, have a cell surface known as the plasma membrane. It is composed of a continuous double layer of phospholipids within which protein molecules are embedded. Phospholipids are polar molecules and in the center of the paper is chlorophyll. These membranes are immersed in a fluid stroma that contains the enzyme involved in the light-independent reaction. The function of the thylakoid membranes is to keep the chlorophyll molecules in a suitable position to trap the maximum amount of light energy. The internal organization of the chloroplast provides a large surface area without taking up too much space. BIBLIOGRAPHY Barbor Marcus, Boyle Mike, Cassidy Mike, Senior Kathryn, Biology Roberts Michael, Reiss Michael, Monger Grace, Biology Principles and Processes Baker Jeffrey, Allen JW, Garland E, The Study Of Biology 4th editionSmith & Wood, Cell BiologyAdds John, Larkham Heather. Miller ruth, Cell Biology and GeneticsCambridge University Press, Cells and the Origin of LifeConnor Kathy, Cell Biology Pamphlet