The two main branches of art therapy Art therapy was born as a natural extension of Freud's revolutionary psychoanalytic theories at the beginning of the last century. Psychiatrists discovered that visual arts could be used as an assessment tool, and by the 1940s art was being used not only for assessment, but also for therapeutic applications (Junge, 2010). From these early years two main branches developed: art as therapy and art psychotherapy. With Freud and others at the forefront of modern psychological thought, it is not surprising that theories of psychoanalysis have entered art therapy. Margret Naumberg, considered by many to be the creator of art therapy, incorporated her concepts of artistic creation and symbolism with Freudian psychoanalysis (Junge, 2010). Art psychotherapy assumes “that imagination [is] an outward projection of the patient's internal intrapsychic processes” and is based on “symbolic communication between patient and therapist” (Junge, 2010, p. 38). Naumberg's approach to analysis differed from Freud's, however. It allowed the patient to make their own interpretations rather than relying on the all-powerful therapist to provide insight (Junge, 2010). The goals of art psychotherapy include: making the unconscious conscious, transfer through artistic creation to the artwork itself, and client-based interpretation. Artistic directions in an art psychotherapy approach are understood in terms of spontaneous expression that gives access to unconscious material (Caso & Dalley, 2006). The triangular relationship between art, client and therapist is considered more important than the final artistic product. Case and Dalley (2006) describe an art-psychotherapy directive in which a child client is asked to paint a series of… halves of a sheet of paper… The modern history of art therapy in the United States. Springfield, Il: Charles C. Thomas Kaplan, F. F. (2000). Art, science and art therapy: repainting the picture. London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley.Kramer, E. (1972). Art as therapy with children. New York, NY: Schocken Books.Lusebrink, V.B., (2004) Art Therapy and the Brain: An Attempt to Understand the Underlying Processes of Artistic Expression in Therapy, Art Therapy: Journal of the American Art Therapy Association, 21:3, 125 - 135Mcdiarmid, M.D., Bagner, D.M., (2005). Parent-child interaction therapy for children with disruptive behavior and developmental disabilities. Education and Treatment of Children, 28(2), 130.Shiflett, C. & Tang, H. (2011). Integrating expressive arts into theory-based interventions in counseling practice. In Degges-White S., Davis NL (eds.). New York, New York: Springer Pub.