For a child to benefit from postnatal language exposure, the brain must have reached a certain level of maturity (Key, Lambert, Aschner, & Maitre, 2012). The brain processes speech sounds in different areas of the brain depending on the gestational age of the baby; it has been shown that preterm infants (24-32 weeks) process speech sounds at frontal and temporal sites, while the brains of full-term infants (39-41 weeks) process speech sounds at midline centro-frontal sites (Key et al., 2012). Key et al. (2012), used consonant-vowel syllables and computer-synthesized electrodes to observe children's brain activity while stimuli were played from 75 dB speakers positioned approximately 1 meter from the child's ears. Gestational and postnatal age, independent of each other and concomitant with each other, have been found to have a direct effect on sound discrimination in newborns; however, vowel discrimination was not affected by gestational or postnatal age in the same way as consonant discrimination, because vowels are louder and have a longer duration, they are generally easier to pronounce.
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