IntroductionGeosynthetics have been widely used in geotechnical and environmental engineering for the last 4 centuries, these products have helped in the field of construction engineering especially in the construction of conventional building materials which were limited or very expensive. Advances on the use of geosynthetic materials in reinforcement and environmental protection: There are common types of geosynthetics used for soil reinforcement which include geotextiles, geogrids and geocells. Geotextiles are continuous sheets of woven, nonwoven, knitted, or stitched fibers or yarns. The sheets are flexible and permeable and feel like a fabric. Geogrids have a series of openings evenly distributed between their longitudinal and transverse elements. These openings allow direct contact between soil particles on both sides of the sheet. Geocells are thick, three-dimensional networks constructed from strips of polymer sheets. The strips are connected to each other forming a net cell filled with earth or concrete. In some cases strips of polyolefin geogrids 0.5 to 1 m wide are connected together with vertical polymer rods used to form deep geocellular layers called geomats. There are many types of geosynthetic products that can be used in environmental protection projects, including geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners (GCL), geonets, geocomposites, and geotubes. Geomembranes are continuous flexible sheets made of one or more synthetic materials. They are waterproof and used as coatings to contain fluids or gases and as vapor barriers. Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) are precast geocomposites with a layer of bentonite clay typically embedded between a top and bottom geotextile layer or… in the center of the paper… as fill, if necessary. The use of relatively short armor. The phased construction method (Fig. 8), which is one of the main features of this RW system, consists of the following steps: 1) a small foundation element is constructed for the face 2) a full-height GRS wall with the Wrapped wall face is constructed by placing bags filled with gravel on the shoulder of each soil layer and 3) a thin (i.e. 30 cm or more thick) and lightly steel-reinforced liner (i.e. an FHR liner) is constructed by pouring - fresh concrete in place directly on the face of the wall after most of the final deformation of the fill soil and subsoil layer beneath the wall has occurred. A good connection between the RC face and the main body of the wall can be achieved by placing fresh concrete directly on the face of the geogrid-covered wall.
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