Forager bees perform tail-wagging dances to inform other foragers in the hive of the location, presence, and smell of beneficial food sources and new hive sites. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how the characteristics of tail wagging dances for natural food sources and environmental factors influence the behavior of dance followers. Due to the assumption that the profitability of the food source tends to decrease with increasing foraging distance, the hypothesis was formed that the attractiveness of a dance, measured as the number of followers of the dance and their attendance, decreases as the distance from the intended food location increases. In addition to the hypothesis, the time of year and the noise of the dance signal or the variation in the direction and duration of the tail wagging run have been hypothesized to influence the behavior of dance followers (Al Toufailia et al., 2013). Apis mellifera, commonly known as the European or Western honey bee is a eusocial insect. Eusociality is a term used to describe living in cooperative groups in which one female and several males are reproductively active (Winston, 1981). All non-reproductive individuals in the group care for the young or protect and provide for the entire group. Because these insects practice eusociality, their hives contain a queen, a fertile female, who has all of the colony's offspring. The hive contains some drones, males, to mate with the queen. Additionally, the hive contains thousands of workers, sterile females, whose tasks include keeping the hive clean, building the hive's wax combs, caring for the young, and foraging for food (Engel, 2001). Honey bees need to communicate within their colonies to carry out all these tasks. Although communication within the hive is a very important aspect for the Western bee,...... center of paper... it is insignificant compared to the potential loss of more than $15 billion in agricultural crops that bees pollinate every year (Paxton, 2010). Without the Western honeybee, Apis mellifera, there would most likely be a devastating ecological imbalance. The experiment conducted at the University of Sussex showed that dance followers respond to the characteristics of tail wagging dance. While dance behavior and the factors that cause a bee to execute these signals are better understood, there is still limited understanding of how followers of natural dances use different information components in their foraging decisions. Further research on follower behavior, signal receiver, and information use strategies under natural circumstances is needed to understand the tail-wagging dance of the Western bee (Al Toufailia et al., 2013).
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