Their opinions differ greatly from those of classical theorists. This is most likely why their theories were not accepted Charles Buckman Goring published his 1913 study titled The English Convict: A Statistical Study, in which he outlined the failure of Lombroso's research. He did not try to deny his findings. He just wanted to state to the world that the methods Lombroso used to conduct his research were not necessarily scientific or empirical; meaning that much more research would need to be done to validate his theories. (Mutchnick, Martin, Austin, 2009, p.29). Over the years there has been little evidence to show that DNA can actually be used to determine and group criminals. However, the positivist approach has led to the creation of probation and parole programs and targeted treatment individualized to the needs of