Their identity can be broken by the process of dehumanization. A 2014 study on the use of torture on refugees recognizes that “torture is aimed at instilling and reinforcing a sense of helplessness and terror in victims and their communities, political or religious groups” (Lung). The psychological effect of fear and helplessness is profound. Other research findings indicate that torture causes abnormal sleep patterns, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction. These effects can last for long periods of time, even a lifetime. Torture is dehumanizing, both for the prisoner and for those who inflict it. Michelle Maiese defined dehumanization as “the psychological process of demonizing the enemy, making him seem less than human and therefore not worthy of humane treatment” which leads a person to easily inflict pain on another person. The attacker drastically reduces the cost of one life, which is detrimental to both lives. The greater the psychological distance between the parties, the easier it is to exclude the other from one's sense of moral rectitude. From a psychological point of view, it is essential to consider the enemy as "subhuman" to legitimize the increase in violence or justify the