Index IntroductionSteps in Equipment DesignEquipment DesignConclusionEquipments are the manufacturing tools that make the standard machine tool, more adaptable to function as specialized machine tools. Manufacturing industries have brought many revolutions in manufacturing technology, as a result of which numerous developments such as CNC lathes, CNC machining centers, robotics etc. have been developed. The equipment should be designed to adopt cost-effective manufacturing process so that it can be easily processed in less time. This article examines the various methodologies and applications of various authors. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Index of terms: hydraulic device; precision; Universal device; ProductivityIntroductionA fixture is a holding or support device used in the manufacturing industry during a machining operation. Fixtures are essential elements of mass production as they are required in most automated manufacturing operations. The origin of the devices can be traced back to the Swiss watch industry. Designing an appliance is an extremely complex and demanding process. The hydraulic device offers the manufacturer flexibility in holding forces and greater accuracy, precision, reliability and interchangeability of parts. A clamping system that uses high-pressure liquids to power the clamps and hold a workpiece in place is called HYDRAULIC. Phases of equipment design Correct definition of functional requirements forms the basis of equipment design. The main task of the equipment is to simplify the loading and unloading process and reduce the scrap rate. Preliminary analysis can take from several hours to several days for complicated device designs. Appliance design is a five-step problem-solving process. The steps are discussed in detail. Step 1: Define Requirements To begin with equipment design, you need to clearly state the need for the equipment. Requirements should be defined as broadly as possible to encompass the issues. The designer should know the basics such as “should the tooling be started from an existing one or should a completely new tooling be designed?” Step 2: Gather information Gather all relevant data. The main sources of information are the component description, process sheets and machine specifications. A thorough study of the CNC machine and component design should be carried out. The specifications of the workpiece, operational variables, availability of equipment and personnel must be taken into consideration only at this stage. Step 3: Develop More Options This step of the process requires maximum creativity and also some experience. A designer should brainstorm several viable tool alternatives, not just follow one path. The designer's goal at this point should be to add options, not to eliminate or discard. Initially the designer should sketch the component and the placement points before considering the sketch of the locking devices. Step 4: Choose the best option. The total cost for manufacturing the product will be the sum of the cost of installing the raw material and equipment. This can be expressed in terms of a formula: the designer must be inable to decide which is the most suitable model among its alternatives. To make these decisions it is necessary to take into consideration both the economic and ergonomic aspects of the project. Phase 5: Implement the project The final step of the luminaire design process is to reproduce the chosen design approach in reality. Final details are decided, final drawings are made, and equipment is built and tested. Tolerances should also be mentioned. The following guidelines should be considered to improve its efficiency. Important factors to consider when designing an appliance: a. Study of the piece and geometryb. Machine type and capacity. And. Availability of indexing devices and their accuracy.df Evaluation in the performance results of the machine.eg Rigidity of the machine tool under consideration. fh Study of ejection devices, safety devices, etc.g. Required level of precision in work and quality to produce. The design of the equipment, whether manual or hydraulic, is the same. The structure of the equipment must be sufficiently rigid and heavy to avoid deformations and vibrations produced during processing.A. Principles of Positions Position refers to creating a desired relationship between the workpiece and the fixture. The purpose of the positions is to block the workpiece in order to limit the movement of the body in as many directions as possible. For a rigid workpiece in space, there are six degrees of freedom that describe the position and orientation of the workpiece, as shown. They have three linear movements and three rotational movements. Fig. Degrees of freedom of a workpiece Guohua Qin et al., focuses on the clamping sequence of the fixture. J Cecil proposed an innovative approach to locking design.B. The common positioning principle is: 3-2-1 principle: Three positioning pins are inserted into the base of the fixed body which stops five degrees of freedom. Two more pins are inserted into a vertical plane of the fixed body which limits another three degrees of freedom. Another pin in the second vertical face of the fixed body stops the other. And the remaining three degrees of freedom can be locked by a clamping device. This method of locating a workpiece in a fixture is called the "3-2-1" principle or the "six-point locating" principle.C. Clamping Principle The main purpose of clamping is to hold the workpiece rigidly against seating during machining operations. The basic requirements of a clamping system should be: clamping should be easy, quick and uniform, clamping should not be affected by vibration or excessive pressure The workpiece to be clamped should not be damaged due to the application of clamping pressure During the handling of fragile components, the clamps must be equipped with fiber bearings.D. Types of grippers Grips must be chosen very carefully based on the type of material and the loading and unloading procedure. It also depends on the area of ​​application of the vice on the workpiece. Listed below are some common types of clamps available: Strap Clamp Heel Clamp Bridge Clamp Screw Clamp Motorized Clamp Equalizing Clamps Snap Clamp Device Design To reduce the design costs associated with fastening, devices have been developed over the years various locking methods to assist the fixture designer. The design of the equipment, whether manual or hydraulic, is the same. Any workholding equipment must fulfill three basic functions: 1) Position the component accurately.2)Support the component precisely.3) Clamp the component precisely. To design the tooling it is necessary to study the details of the components which include the geometry of the part, the machining process, the design and interpretation rules for the machining tooling. The appliance must meet the customer's needs and budget. In terms of constraints, there are many factors to consider, which mainly concern: shape and dimensions of the workpiece, tolerances, sequence of operations, machining strategies, cutting forces, number of set-ups, set-up times, volume of material to be removed, batch size, production speed, machine morphology, machine capacity, cost, etc. In the end, the solution can be characterized by: simplicity, rigidity, precision, reliability and economy. To make a device the next steps are: Analytical design for the equipment. • 3D modeling in any of the modeling software (preferably PRO-E CREO, Solidworks) • Assembly • Analysis using analysis software (preferably ANSYS). If a piece of equipment is pre-existing, the positions of the locking points would be known and this reduces the work of finding the center of gravity of the component and suitable positioning and locking points. Equipment material selection criteria: Mechanical properties The material must possess a certain strength and stiffness. The selected materials are examined for strength and stiffness values ​​- Wear of materials It is necessary to ensure that the selected materials have sufficient strength to wear. - Corrosion Is an important engineering design criterion for projects open to the environment for a longer period of time - Ability to produce The material is well capable of using for design, it may be difficult to produce. If this selection criterion is neglected, the manufacturing process could be very expensive, making it unprofitable as a commercial product. - Cost Cost is a critical fact to consider when selecting materials for a certain design for most products because they face strong competition in the market. The parts of the appliance are generally: A. Base plate of the appliance B. Support cylinder C. Clamp and hydraulic circuit Base plate of the equipment When designing the base plate it is necessary to consider the total length. Using the Roark formula shown for plate design, the base of the fixture is designed. Using this formula we can calculate the plate thickness and stress. The deflection at the center is also calculated. Usually the material for the base plate, support cylinder and clamp is the same. Fig. Roark's formula After calculating the stresses in the plate it is advisable to compare them with the allowable stresses of the material. And the dish should be confident in design. Once we have the dimensions and material, we create the model in the modeling software. Support Cylinder Hydraulic cylinders are produced according to customized requirements or there are off-the-shelf cylinders available according to force specifications. These cylinders are known as ZPS (Zero Point System) modules. These ZPS modules must be supported by support cylinders designed using modeling software and then imported into ANSYS for analysis and verification for safe design. The results in ANSYS are compared to the strength of the materials. There is no specific method to design the support cylinders and therefore designed to the appropriate size based on the module size. The module is fixed to the component using nipples.