The dictionary definition of revolution is "a forced overthrow of a government or social order, in favor of a new system". Countries like America and Mexico would not exist or be where they are now if it were not for the rebellions. Most cultures would not exist if it were not for the revolutions instilled in their history or they would not exist under the same name. We are human so it is normal that we will not always agree. In 1800 many revolutions broke out in Europe and South America. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an Original Essay The last thing any ruler wants is for his people to rebel against him. For this reason, European monarchs worked together to prevent revolution and ensure stability. Some people really didn't like the way things were handled. In the early 1800s conservatives wanted things to go back to the way they were because they benefited from the old order. They wanted a social ranking in which the lower classes respected and obeyed their social superiors and supported an established church. Conservative leaders were against free press because it could spread revolutionary ideas. A conservative leader named Metternich kept trying to convince the monarchs to scrap protests and rebellions whenever they broke out. The liberals disagreed with the conservatives. Liberals welcomed and accepted the ideas of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. The goals of the liberals and the growing popularity of nationalism sparked riots. Liberals hated the old notion of the divine rights of monarchs and the tradition of an aristocracy and instead wanted governments based on written constitutions and separation of powers. They supported the principle of universal male suffrage, defended natural rights such as liberty and equality, and defended property rights and freedom of religion. The Enlightenment and the French Revolution inspired nationalism. It led people to rebel against the established order. The land controlled by European rulers changed due to marriages, wars, and treaties. Through the loss and gain of land, Europe soon had empires composed of many nationalities. Nationalism led people to work together to achieve an independent homeland and gave people a sense of who they are. However, nationalism has caused prejudice and led to the persecution of other national or ethnic groups. The revolutionaries were encouraged by the ideas of liberalism and nationalism, so they began to fight against the old order. The Balkans in southeastern Europe fought against the Ottomans in the early 1800s. The Ottomans ruled the Balkan people for more than 300 years. The Serbs were the first Balkan people to rebel. Serbian independence leaders named Karageorge and Milos Obernovie fought Ottoman forces from 1804 to 1817. The Serbs had the support of Russia, but the fighting still took a huge toll, but Serbian culture and literature thrived during this period and this strengthened Serbian nationalism. Serbia eventually gained a degree of autonomy that allowed it to govern itself within the Ottoman Empire. The Serbs gained complete control of their internal affairs after an agreement in 1830, but other European countries did not recognize their independence until 1878. Serbia remained close to Russia. The Greeks were also unhappy with the Ottomans, so they rebelled in 1821 to seek an end to Ottoman rule. These wars for independence helped build a national identity. Romantic writers like Lord Byron supported the Greeks and even went to Greeceto aid their fight for independence. Britain, France, and Russia forced the Ottomans to grant independence to some Greek provinces in the late 1820s. Greece became independent in 1830. The Greeks were forced to accept as their king a German prince named Otto Von Wittelsbach because the European powers wanted to prove that they do not support nationalist revolutions even though they helped the rebels gain their independence. Rebels in Spain, Portugal and many Italian states wanted constitutional governments. A French army marched into the Pyrenees to quell a rebellion in Spain. Austrian forces crossed the Alps to put an end to the Italian rebels. The troops managed to silence the rebels for a while, but they couldn't put out the spark they had. By the mid-1800s, social reformers and agitators were pressuring workers to support socialism, which further added to the unrest of the period. Socialism is a system in which the production and distribution of goods and services is a shared responsibility of a group of people. Conservative forces quickly quelled liberal revolts in Spain, Portugal, and the Italian states in the 1820s. Alexis de Tocqueville, a French liberal leader, warned that the revolutions of the 1820s were not yet over. Louis XVIII once again became king of France thanks to the Congress of Vienna. The new king issued the Charter of French Liberties, a constitution that created a two-chamber legislature and allowed limited freedom of the press. People were still not satisfied with Louis' compromise efforts because he still had a lot of power. The ultra-royalists, however, hated constitutional government and wished to have the old regime back. The liberals were against the ultras. Liberals wanted more people to be able to vote, and they wanted a share of power for middle-class citizens like them. The radicals wanted a republic like the one France had had in 1790. The working class wanted better pay and affordable bread. In 1824 Louis XVIII died and his brother Charles X inherited the throne. Charles firmly believed in absolutism, which is a form of government in which unlimited and complete power is held by a ruler, so he rejected the charter. In July 1830 he suspended the legislature and restricted the press and the right to vote. The citizens became angry about this, so some in Paris set up barricades across the narrow streets and people shot at the soldiers from behind and threw stones and tiles at the soldiers. They. The rebels controlled Paris within days and the revolutionary tricolor hangs from the towers of Notre Dame Cathedral. Charles renounced the throne and passed to the English. With Charles X out of the way, the radicals and liberals who united against him were now at odds over a new government. The radicals wanted a republic, but the liberals insisted on a constitutional monarchy and decided that Louis Philippe, Charles X's cousin, would be king. Louis Philippe was known to the French as the “citizen king” because he owed his throne to the people. The upper class prospered under Louis' rule. Louis expanded suffrage, but only to the wealthiest citizens, meaning that the majority of people still could not vote. The way Louis Philippe governed favored the middle class at the expense of the workers. The July Revolution in Paris inspired revolts in other parts of Europe. Metternich said: “When France sneezes, Europe gets cold.” This means that when something happens in France, it spreads and intensifies to other places in Europe. Most of the revolts were unsuccessful, but they frightened the rulers enough to encourage reforms later in the century. Belgium had a.