The discovery of antibiotics is one of the most extraordinary innovations that humanity has ever experienced, but this shining miracle became extinct soon after the appearance of antibiotic resistance and the understanding of these origins and mechanisms. Although some authors have implemented remedial plans to minimize the clinical and economic damage caused by antibiotic resistance known today as an alarming crisis, the latter continues to grow and spread implanting these diverse negative impacts on the patient and the healthcare system. Faced with this alarming situation, researchers have abandoned classic platforms to find new control and prevention strategies. The search for new strains of Actinobacteria that produce new antibiotics is one of the strategies, since some authors argue that this group of Actinobacteria is a repository of bioproducts, furthermore marine Actinobacteria are also considered a good source of pharmaceutical bioproducts. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essayThese bacteria belonging to the order of actinomycetes are aerobic, spore-forming, Gram positive and produce aerial mycelium, in the soil they play a role in the cycling of organic matter and the degradation of organic debris, they inhibit pathogens through the production of metabolites secondary plants near the rhizosphere of plants and participates in the biodecontamination of soils polluted by hydrocarbons. Although soil microorganisms are the dominant animators of biogeochemical cycles, metagenomic study of diverse soils has shown that desert communities have more osmoregulatory and dormancy genes than genes associated with nutrient cycling and catabolism of organic compounds. Antibiotic resistance genes were three times less abundant in desert soils, suggesting that the functioning of desert microbial communities is linked to abiotic conditions. Numerous studies have revealed the role, ecological importance and medical interest of actinobacteria isolated from neutral soils, forests and marine environments. , but few studies have illustrated these parameters in actinobacteria isolated from extreme environments. These extremophilic actinobacteria isolated from the desert correspond to alkaline-thermophilic, thermophilic, thermoacidophilic, radiotolerant thermophilic, alkaline-tolerant thermophilic, halophilic and haloalkaline bacteria. Polyestremophilic and polyestremotolerant also exist in environments with extreme conditions and can adapt to environments with multiple constraints, their impact is poorly illustrated in some limited works on Antarctic regions, oceans, Arctic deserts and hot springs. The purpose of this perspective is to unite and expose the most recent findings revealing the extraordinarily high diversity of actinobacteria in the Algerian desert, including rare strains that produce novel metabolites, a conclusion that resonates strongly with our decision to explore the unique microbiomes hosted in the geology of this vast desert illustrated in this document and which is very little studied. The Actinobacterial phylum is one of the largest taxonomic ranks among the 18 major lineages known in the field of bacteria, including 5 subclasses, 6 orders, and 14 suborders. They are present in fresh and marine waters and abundant in soils rich in organic substance. Most of these microorganisms are saprophytic (Streptomyces) and in unfavorable soil conditions their life cycle is blocked in the sporulation phase. These microorganisms that also live in the desert, can be endophytes and also produce some enzymes such as tannase, some are halophilic, alkaliniphilic, acidophilic, thermophilic, xerophilic. Yes.