The prostate gland contains smooth muscles, borders the bladder, and surrounds the urethra. It also produces sperm. This liquid contains enzymes and proteins to protect sperm. This is known as the follicular phase. This is where the follicle produces more estrogen, which tells the brain that the egg is ready to be released. The uterine lining then thickens as LH and FSH levels remain low. The production of gametes is due to meiosis. Meiosis is where cells divide to produce four daughter cells. These contain half of the genetic information. The four daughter cells produced contain half the genetic information which is also half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell to produce haploids. The gametes used during reproduction are the sperm and the egg which are haploid. Each of these contains half as many chromosomes (23 chromosomes). Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get Original Essay When fertilization occurs, they form a zygote. To produce these gametes, the mother cell duplicates and the chromosomes divide into pairs. These pairs then divide to form two cells which then divide again to form four daughter cells which are the gametes. This process is called gametogenesis where cells use meiosis to form gametes. For males the production of sperm is called spermatogenesis and for females the production of eggs is called oogenesis. During spermatogenesis, sperm are produced by stem cells. These stem cells multiply by mitosis to create sperm which then attach to Sertoli cells. The sperm produced contain 23 chromosomes. Sperm are produced inside the seminiferous tubules by stem cells and are surrounded by Sertoli cells. These Sertoli cells supply the sperm with nutrients and blood products. They also help transport sperm into the central canal as they grow. During oogenesis an egg cell divides to produce two new cells. The nucleus would have divided to give each cell 23 chromosomes. Please note: this is just a sample. Get a custom paper from our expert writers now. Get a Custom Essay One of the cells is the secondary ovule and the other is the polar body. The secondary egg continues to grow until it reaches full maturity and is then ready for fertilization when it is released into the fallopian tubes. The zygote is formed during fertilization when the two gametes (egg and sperm) fuse together. Gametes are haploid cells that fuse to create a diploid cell (zygote). A diploid cell is a cell that contains 46 chromosomes. An example of a zygote is an embryo. Once fertilized, the egg is implanted in the uterus. The zygote is a eukaryotic cell that contains the necessary genetic information from the DNA in each gamete. The zygote then divides into smaller cells through mitosis. This division helps form the embryo.