The triple helix model of university-industry-government interactions has gained scholarly and policy attention in recent years. It is argued that the boundaries of the previously separate spheres of industry, government and higher education are becoming increasingly blurred and intertwined. As a result, an “entrepreneurial university model” is emerging as a hybrid organization that combines the activities of industry, academia and public authorities to promote innovation”. According to Rothaermel et al. (2007), the entrepreneurial university is a step in the natural evolution of a university system that emphasizes economic development in addition to the more traditional mandates of education and research “with the aim of improving regional or national economic performance as well as the financial institution of the university". advantage and that of his faculties". Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay This evolution is presumably motivated by pressures to access additional sources of funding and “the active promotion of collaboration between universities and multiple triple helix partners across a range of public policies and infrastructures”. In this context, universities are attributing a greater priority on being “relevant and responsive to national, regional and local needs, and these efforts have led to a progressive 'institutionalisation' of third mission activities”. they could therefore be seen as top-down coercive, normative and mimetic isomorphic forces acting on universities”. Against the description of the entrepreneurial university model as “inevitable, homogeneous and an 'isomorphic' development path”, some scholars have put in doubt the implicit universality of the phenomenon. Specifically, the authors highlighted the multiple tensions and contradictions that might emerge between different university missions and activities and argue that the degree and form of entrepreneurial transformation will likely vary across countries and university types. For example, Philpott et al (2011), in a European university case study, observed a “lack of unified culture regarding the appropriateness of the third mission, as well as clear tensions and divisions between disciplines on the meaning and type of entrepreneurial commitment . In a study of Spanish universities, Sanchez-Barrioluengo (2014) identified “strong differences in the performance and ability of universities to balance teaching with the new third mission. Marginson and Considine's (2000) study of Australian universities found “differences in how universities have responded to government funding cuts and the emergence of new management models, with new, less academic universities adopting a greater focus on relationships industrial and applied professional training, and long-standing universities that maintain collegial loyalties and academic cultures despite reforms. "Remember: This is just one example. Get a custom paper from our expert writers now. Get a custom essay Different types of universities appear to have a mix of different Triple Helix activities in a variety of national and regional contexts. Hewitt-Dundas ( 2012) found that in the UK “different types of universities exhibited different degrees and types of knowledge transfer activities while research-intensive universities focused “on exploiting intellectual property and maximizing research returns”. , those a”.