Topic > Summary of Childhood and Adolescence by Spencer Rathus

He believed that children learn by watching other children receive something such as candy, extra play time, or social acceptance. Skinner talked about negative and positive reinforcement. She said that if caregivers reward good behavior and despise or punish children for bad behavior, children will be less likely to behave well. This chapter also covers Ethology and Evolution. This basically means that children and people do what comes naturally to them. Charles Darwin, Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tanbergen were all ethologists. Researchers are always trying to find out how children learn and one of their solutions is nature and nurture. Nature is the things that come naturally to people. It is caused by heredity, the nervous system and the maturation of people. Education is something that people learn in order to adapt to their lives. It derives from people's cultural background, their opportunity to learn and the type of education a person has access to. At the end of the chapter, some different types of child study methods are provided. One of the methods is a case study, according to this book a case study is a carefully designed account of an individual's behaviors. For a formal case study, a parent keeps a diary of what their children do and