Most positive externalities do not require mitigation. However, the subsidies would help those directly and indirectly affected. “Subsidies imply that the government pays part of the costs to the firm (Pettinger, n.d.).” When the price of a good decreases, this encourages consumption. “A Subsidy Shifts the Supply Curve to the Right (Pettinger, n.d.).” Free universal healthcare would help ensure everyone gets vaccinated (Pettinger, n.d.). “This prevents the spread of infectious diseases, which benefits everyone (Pettinger, n.d.).” So, this creates a personal benefit from other people being healthy (Pettinger, n.d.). Even positive externalities can create a free rider problem. “For example, vaccinated individuals reduce the risk of contracting the disease in question for everyone else around them and, at high levels of vaccination, society can receive great benefits in terms of health and well-being; but anyone can refuse vaccination, still avoiding the disease by "free riding" on the costs borne by others (Ditah,