Located in northeast Africa, the Nile is the blood, life and backbone of Egyptian existence and culture, for without it Egypt would only be a continuation without waste from the Sahara desert. In this essay I will explain the environmental and geographical factors, as well as some of their influences on the political and social structure of the ancient Egyptians. My references come from a wide range of different books and Internet sites. With its natural boundaries: the vast Sahara Desert and its few scattered oases to the west, the mountainous Eastern Desert and the Red Sea to the east, the narrow coast of the Mediterranean Sea bordering the marshy delta to the north and the black granite rocks and red of the Cataracts to the south, the ancient Egyptians were reasonably free from attackers. This gave Egypt time to develop its unique culture, religion, and political state. The land was divided by the ancient Egyptian state into two parts. Upper Egypt: The narrow area of ​​the Nile valley south of Memphis to Abu on the First Cataract was called ta-shema. The king of Upper Egypt wore the white conical crown [hedjet] ending in a bulb and was protected by the goddess Nekhbet. A flowering sedge plant represented the south. Lower Egypt or the Delta area was called ta-mehu and its representation was the papyrus plant. The king of Lower Egypt wore the red crown [deshret] in the shape of a chair from which a spiral or plume projected and was protected by the goddess Wadjet. When the pharaoh is seen as the "King of the Two Lands", he is shown wearing the combined crown called "The Two Mighty" [pschent], which can best be described as the White Crown inserted into the top of the Red Crown. Corona.The two lands were divided......middle of paper......the boy from a lower class family may have had the opportunity to learn the trade of a scribe. Girls were not allowed to go to school and take up this profession, although queens and some high society ladies could read and write. The lower class person could also move into the middle class, through marriage or success in farming or their chosen profession. The Nile was undoubtedly the main reason for the existence of ancient Egypt. Without a river to break up the expanse of desert, settlement would have been impossible. In reality the Nile was the beating heart of the growth of Ancient Egyptian culture. Egypt's geographic location in northeast Africa was not a fortunate one, but it was fortunate for the growth of this civilization that man learned to exploit the power and agricultural riches of the world's longest river.