The periodic table is what all 118 elements are organized into. All elements are ordered in increasing atomic number. Dmitri Mendeleev created the periodic table in 1869 so that the physical and chemical properties of each element were related to others in the same period and group. This basically means that elements repeat certain characteristics and are positioned in this pattern in the periodic table. The periodic table begins with the element with the lowest atomic number, which is hydrogen, and ends with the elements with the highest atomic number, and in this order Dmitri Mendeleev discovered the law of periodicity. There are many so-called trends that the periodic table follows. One of the many trends is that of electronegativity, The oxygen family got the name Chalcogenes because chalcos in Greek means "mineral formers" and all the elements of this group can be found in copper ores. Just like nitrogen from the nitrogen group, oxygen is the only gas, while the others are all solids. All Group VIA elements have six valence electrons, but smaller elements are still more likely to form covalent bonds than larger ones. This group follows common patterns on the periodic table just like the rest of the groups. If two atoms of the same element form a bond together then the bonding pair of electrons will be in the middle, but if there are two different elements, then the one with more electronegativity it will also bring the pair of electrons closer together than the less electronegative element. The one with the closest pair of electrons will be more negative than the other element. Electronegativity increases as you move through the periodic table and decreases as you move down a group. None of the noble gases have electronegativity because they do not form bonds, but electronegativity increases at fluorine in the periodic table, so fluorine has the greatest electronegativity. The bonded pair of electrons gravitates towards one of the elements due to the number of protons in the nucleus, the distance from the nucleus, or the amount of shielding by the internal electrons. The element with the highest electronegativity, fluorine, is 4.0 and the lowest, cesium and francium, are 0.7 on the Pauling scale. The man who created the Pauling scale was Linus Pauling. He believed that electronegativity was “the power of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons to itself,” which basically means that the greater the electronegativity, the greater the force it has to attract electrons to itself. After many experiments, Pauling was the person to discover that the electronegativity of fluorine was 4.0, e