Instrumental Test No. 3Take Home Essay QuestionsQuestion #1: The time it takes for a process variable to arrive at the set point is called the transfer delay. Draw and explain in detail with an example of a process considered for a small capacity, moderate capacity and large capacity process. As explained above, a transfer delay is the time it takes for a process variable to arrive at the fixed point. This delay is caused by many variables such as capacitance, mass, and dead time in the control system. I will describe an example using three different capabilities, but with static process and scope. The purpose of this example is to show the difference in transfer delay between the capacities of small, medium, and large containers. The small capacity will be a 500 ml soup can (Fig. 1.1), the moderate capacity will be a 50 liter children's pool (Fig. 1.2), and the large process will be an Olympic-sized swimming pool, set at 2.5 million liters (Fig 1.3). The process in question is simply water, flowing out of a tap at about 12 l/min.Fig. 1.1Fig. 1.2Fig. 1.3 As you can see, we have each capacity at a Set Point of 30%. The flow is the same for each at 12 l/min and the process is water for each. Transfer Lag comes into play when we want to increase our Set Point from 30% to 50%. In the can, this change will not be as instantaneous as turning on an incandescent light bulb, it will take some time before it reaches this point, and so the transfer delay is noticeable. We now use different capacities to show the positive correlation between capacity and transfer delay, if the flow and process are kept static. For example, increasing the capacity from a 500 ml can to a 50 liter paddling pool, our transfer delay will increase linearly with it (Fig 2.1). Figure 2......middle of sheet...tart to be less than ON or OFF (0 or 100%), but the measured water level change will have a range between 0 and 100%. In summary, we can see that if you want the controller output to have a smaller range, the proportional band should be greater than 100%, anything less would make it a 0-100% or ON-OFF range. If the proportional band is set too narrow, the final control element will often act as an On-Off controller, rather than a type of limiting control; if it is set too high, the controller will not respond to small disturbances in the controller variable. process and the process will not be controlled at the setpoint. Proportional plus integral control (reset). Integral is a process of temporally averaging the offset from the setpoint. Draw and explain in detail with an example where it would be used and the benefits of having it in the process system.