Charles S. Peirce was an American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist. He was born in 1839 and died in 1914. During his lifetime, Peirce wrote a book on The Fixation of Belief in which he discusses his four methods for establishing beliefs. These methods can be tested with any subject by anyone and one will always be suitable. The first method discussed by Peirce is to set beliefs with tenacity, this happens when someone believes something and is not willing to hear anything else that is contrary to what is happening. their faith, if they feel that there is any danger that their faith will be shaken or that they may reconsider what they believe, they will automatically reject it and not even consider it. People who use this type of method will often say things like “Don't confuse me with the facts; I've already decided." Their standard of truth is what they already believe; any divergent statement that will increase will be considered false while anything else said that is already what they believe will be considered true. By escaping doubt and clinging to faith while refusing to listen to anything else, anyone can easily decide what to believe and what to disprove. However, this method does not make our belief reach reality. Furthermore, the social impulse that exposes us to other beliefs will cause us to move away from our beliefs, and other orientations will lead us to question our orientation or shake our confidence about it. For example, if someone chooses a specific religion that he finds attractive and is dogmatically attached to it, and avoids any reading or listening that might alter or shake his belief in this religious faith, then he is practicing the method of... ..means of paper......something independent of what others think. Secondly, it must be something public, it must be accessible to everyone and capable of affecting anyone, not be reserved for a specific group or individuals. Finally it will be a matter of fixing beliefs in everyone in almost the same way, this method will be able to fix the same belief for everyone, in this way we will be able to avoid the social impulse; if everyone believes the same thing, then no one will have to doubt their belief due to the influence of other people. These requirements are all found in the fourth and final method which is the method of science, this method involves paying attention to our experience of the world and then reasoning based on what we have seen or heard to try to understand how the real world works or how this is really the case. According to Peirce, this method is the best for fixing the beliefs of a society.
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