Donald R. Cressey's Study of Workplace Fraud and Abuse to which the "breachers of trust" or embezzlers committed the crime. Interviewing 200 prisoners convicted of the crime of embezzlement, he developed a hypothesis now known as the fraud triangle. The fraud triangle represents the factors that lead an employee to commit fraud which include opportunity, pressure and rationalization. (Wells, 2014) Cressey described that non-shareable financial problems or pressures that push the employee to commit the crime play a crucial role in understanding the crime. Through the interview process, Cressey found that participants fell into the following six categories; violationsW. Steve Albrecht and two other colleagues created another important study on workplace fraud and abuse that is used in this area today. Understanding that, as a group, professional fraud is difficult to profile and predict, Albrecht nevertheless compiled a list of fifty warning signs that fall into two categories; offender characteristics and organizational environment, which can be used to facilitate fraud detection. The top three for offender characteristics in order include; living beyond your means, overwhelming desire for personal gain, and high personal debts. (Wells, 2014) The top three organizational environments are; placing too much trust in key employees, lack of adequate procedures for authorizing transactions, and inadequate disclosure of investments and personal performance. (Wells, 2014) With this list Albrecht then created the fraud scale, which evaluates every aspect in order to detect the level of fraud to which the company is susceptible. The majority of those who commit fraud involve men between forty and forty-five years old (19%), with a college degree (36.9%), who work in the accounting department (22%) or who have access to assets. (Wells, 2014) Regardless of these factors, almost anyone could commit fraud, given the right conditions. Although the fraud triangle, warning signs and fraud scales created by Cressey and Albrecht can help predict or prevent fraud, not all situations can be covered and stopped Objective D)i. The list of geographic locations where fraud occurs most is listed in order, followed by the number of cases and present. 1) United States 1021 (56.8%0 2) Asia 298 (16.6%) 3) Europe 157 (8.7%) 4) Africa 112 (6.2%) 5) Canada 99 (5.5% ) 6) Central/South America and the Caribbean 70 (3.9%) 7) Oceania 40 (2.2%) (Wells, 2020) ii. The United States is currently the country with the highest number of fraudulent crimes committed. This is not surprising when you compare the sheer size of the U.S. economy to that of other countries. The last place in the ranking where fraud is committed is Oceania, which provides only 2.2% of cases with only 40 cases. (Wells,

Topic > Donald R. Cressey's Study of Workplace Fraud and Abuse to which the "breachers of trust" or embezzlers committed the crime. Interviewing 200 prisoners convicted of the crime of embezzlement, he developed a hypothesis now known as the fraud triangle. The fraud triangle represents the factors that lead an employee to commit fraud which include opportunity, pressure and rationalization. (Wells, 2014) Cressey described that non-shareable financial problems or pressures that push the employee to commit the crime play a crucial role in understanding the crime. Through the interview process, Cressey found that participants fell into the following six categories; violationsW. Steve Albrecht and two other colleagues created another important study on workplace fraud and abuse that is used in this area today. Understanding that, as a group, professional fraud is difficult to profile and predict, Albrecht nevertheless compiled a list of fifty warning signs that fall into two categories; offender characteristics and organizational environment, which can be used to facilitate fraud detection. The top three for offender characteristics in order include; living beyond your means, overwhelming desire for personal gain, and high personal debts. (Wells, 2014) The top three organizational environments are; placing too much trust in key employees, lack of adequate procedures for authorizing transactions, and inadequate disclosure of investments and personal performance. (Wells, 2014) With this list Albrecht then created the fraud scale, which evaluates every aspect in order to detect the level of fraud to which the company is susceptible. The majority of those who commit fraud involve men between forty and forty-five years old (19%), with a college degree (36.9%), who work in the accounting department (22%) or who have access to assets. (Wells, 2014) Regardless of these factors, almost anyone could commit fraud, given the right conditions. Although the fraud triangle, warning signs and fraud scales created by Cressey and Albrecht can help predict or prevent fraud, not all situations can be covered and stopped Objective D)i. The list of geographic locations where fraud occurs most is listed in order, followed by the number of cases and present. 1) United States 1021 (56.8%0 2) Asia 298 (16.6%) 3) Europe 157 (8.7%) 4) Africa 112 (6.2%) 5) Canada 99 (5.5% ) 6) Central/South America and the Caribbean 70 (3.9%) 7) Oceania 40 (2.2%) (Wells, 2020) ii. The United States is currently the country with the highest number of fraudulent crimes committed. This is not surprising when you compare the sheer size of the U.S. economy to that of other countries. The last place in the ranking where fraud is committed is Oceania, which provides only 2.2% of cases with only 40 cases. (Wells,