A. To regulate corporations, the government passed antitrust laws to protect the public and companies. These laws were the Sherman Act of 1890, the Clayton Act of 1814, the Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914, and the Celler-Kefauver Act of 1950. The Sherman Act was created to outlaw monopolization and also prohibit the trading of anticompetitive stocks. After finding that the Sherman Act had inconsistencies in its wording that reduced its effectiveness, the Clayton Act was passed which strengthened the Sherman Act by prohibiting companies from merging with other companies if it reduced competition, prohibited discrimination against pricing that leveled the playing field for buying companies and incentivized competition, prohibited exclusive and binding relationships that could even reduce competition, and finally prohibited anyone from holding more than one directorship at any competing company. The Federal Trade Commission Act was passed to create a government organization that would regulate business practices and have the authority to issue cease-and-desist orders to any company found in violation. Since the Clayton Act did not specify whether a company could acquire physical assets of competing companies in order to sabotage or manipulate them, the Celler-Kefauver Act was passed and closed that loophole. Additionally, it regulated vertical and conglomerate mergers deemed anticompetitive.B. The purpose of industrial regulation of market structures is to protect consumers. Furthermore, regulation exists to encourage competition in order to achieve more stable market conditions for consumers and producers. When it comes to market structures, the most regulated are oligopolies and monopolies.1. Or… half of the paper… these types of organizations have enormous control over the market. The purpose of industrial regulation of monopolies and oligopolies is to provide a fair price to consumersC. The three major federal and state regulatory commissions that govern industrial regulation are as follows: First, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission is a government agency that regulates the economy, infrastructure, and transmission of electricity, natural gas, and oil among the states. It also regulates natural gas and hydropower projects. Second, the Federal Communications Commission regulates interstate and international communications via radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable in the United States. Finally, state Public Utilities Commissions regulate the rates and services of utilities that provide essential services such as energy, telecommunications, water, and transportation.