Madame Bovary was problematic in 19th century France because Flaubert glorified adultery and dishonored marriage. The problem with Emma was that there was no double standard in abuse and disrespect towards men. In Madame Bovary, men are problematically used as sexual entertainment because a double standard existed in nineteenth-century France. Madame Bovary, or Emma, is problematic because of her marriage, which she finds boring and banal. Emma was problematic with her love affairs with Rodolphe. More problematic sexual desires are revealed in an encounter with Leon. The theme that Emma's happiness was more important than Charles' happiness was problematic. Finally, Emma has control over Charles' private life which was problematic in nineteenth century France. In Madame Bovary, Flaubert wrote about problematic issues that a wife can successfully get away with in an adulterous affair. Flaubert writes, “Emma found in adultery all the banalities of marriage” (Madame 272). In fact, Madame Bovary was unofficially given the second title, "History of the Adulteries of a Provincial Wife" (Madame 329). Men were also assumed to be stronger than women, as during the nineteenth century women were publicly perceived as weaker. For example, women were not allowed to vote in France until women's suffrage was extended in 1944 (Geary 470). Since Flaubert did not write about women perceived as weaker, Emma's behavior was problematic and considered taboo. Therefore Flaubert was accused of pornography and blasphemy and the book was banned (Geary 473). The government wanted Flaubert to report Emma, because she was problematic, but he refused to do so (Geary 473). Adultery and dishonored marriage were not proper female roles and were a violation of female sexuality. However, there is a double standard. Flaubert describes in many ways that there is a double standard when it comes to making the opposite sex happy in private. In Madame Bovary, men are problematically used as sexual entertainment. Men satisfied women's sexual desire in unconventional ways. It was usually vice versa.; therefore Emma was publicly perceived as problematic. The way Flaubert describes Emma's relationship with Leon demonstrates that the line for a double standard has become blurred. "She never contested any of his ideas; she adapted to all his tastes: she became his mistress, much more than she was" (Madame 316). Since "she was becoming his lover" and "never challenged any of his ideas", she proves that the double standard no longer applies.
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