Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity are both emerging pandemics of the 21st century. One consequence of obesity is an increased risk of developing T2DM. The relative risk of T2DM increases as body mass index (BMI) exceeds 23. T2DM is the most common disease in the US population, accounting for approximately 90% of such cases, usually diagnosed in adulthood and in most of cases as a consequence of overweight or obesity. T2DM involves a combination of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency and may not require treatment with external insulin, especially in the early stages (Fowler, 2007). Therefore, the goal of treatment is to achieve tight control of blood sugar (glucose) levels. The extent to which etiological factors may be relevant to adults with T2DM is unclear, but research suggests a theoretical model of potential pathways between disordered eating behaviors and T2DM. Furthermore, several studies have shown that changing lifestyle and sedentary habits could lead to a decrease in the incidence of progression to T2DM (Ismail, 2008). Bio/psycho/social aspects of the diseases T2DM is a heterogeneous disorder therefore the clinical expression of the disorder requires both genetic and environmental factors. One theory regarding its etiology is that T2DM is the result of the evolution of a thrifty genotype that has had survival benefits in the past but is harmful in the current environment (Ismail, 2008). An opposing theory states that the disease represents an adult metabolic response to fetal malnutrition. Hyperglycemia in T2DM results from an absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. Most often, insulin deficiency is attributable to the inability to adequately compensate for insulin resistance. Insulin resistant...... middle of paper......),1433-1441.Spangler, J., Summerson, J., Bell, R., & Konen, J. (2001). Smoking and psychosocial variables in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Addictive Behaviors, 26(1), 21–29.Soroudi, N., Perez, G., Gonzalez, J., Greer, J., Pollack, M., Otto , M., et al. (2008). CBT for medication adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 15, 93–106. Willi, C., Bodenmann, P., Ghali, W., Faris, P., & Cornuz, J. (2007). Active smoking and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association, 298(22), 2654–2664. Ziedonis, D., Williams, J. M., & Smelson, D. (2003). Severe mental illness and tobacco dependence: A model program to address this common but neglected problem. The American Journal of Medical Sciences, 326(4), 223–230.