The personality disorder, narcissism, is named after the Greek mythological figure Narcissus. The myth has it that Narcissus was so indulgent in self-love that he looked at and fell in love with his own image in the mirror, refusing to let it die next to his reflection. In Dostoevsky's "The Double" the protagonist also suffers from narcissism, from obsession with himself. This obsession with himself manifests when he finds himself reflected by the life around him, driving him mad from the lack of control and the pain of these reflections. Mirrors, Golyadkin's doppelganger, and society are all mirror elements that loom over this internal conflict. As Golyadkin exclaimed: “I am my own executioner!” (89). For Golyadkin, his refusal to fully understand and fully see his own reflection led to his downfall. The conflict over his own identity shows that the reflections serve as cause and effect for Golyadkin's descent into madness. Golyadkin's extreme concern for his own identity in society transforms the world and individuals into mirrors in which he perceives himself. He cares above all not about people, but about the impression they have of him. Evidenced by the way he behaves and feels towards other people. In Golyadkin's conversation with his doctor, the narrator describes the protagonist as having "spoken with the utmost clarity, precision, and certainty, weighing his words and relying on those calculated to produce the best effect." (13) This shows how Golyadkin is concerned about the impression he gives and about not revealing the truth to his doctor. This occurs similarly in many of his bizarre behaviors in society. For example, Golyadkin "would change his large banknotes into smaller denomination banknotes, losing... half the paper... it would take a long time!" (144) This perhaps shows that Golyadkin has always known about his own internal conflict, but still refuses to accept this dishonest part of himself. Golyadkin's narcissistic personality curses him with self-concern. This refers to the way he interacts in society and Golyadkin junior's creation of his mind. As he becomes fixated on himself, he sees his reflection in everything in his life. This constant self-awareness of one's own desire and insignificant self becomes the protagonist's undoing. Perhaps Narcissus, like Golyadkin, found not only love but also hatred in his reflection. Perhaps it was the uncertainty of his own reflection that prevented him from fixating on his own image in the mirror. That in the end, Narcissus became so exhausted by this conflict of self-love and self-hatred that he resigned from the world.
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