Factions and the ConstitutionThe authors designed the Constitution in such a way as to reduce the influence of political parties in the American government, but at the same time, the very essence of the formation of political parties, freedom , was left in the Constitution. Both Madison and Schattschneider state that although the Constitution does not support factions, it cannot abolish them due to the fact that the Constitution was designed to protect citizens' liberties. Both continue by saying that freedom is the spark that allows political parties to develop. In Madison's Federalist 10, it is evident that he was not in favor of forming factions. He states, “…The public good is often overlooked in conflicts between rival parties…” Madison emphasized that the dangers of faction can be limited only by controlling their effects. He recognized that to completely abolish political parties from government, freedom would also have to be abolished or limited. For this reason, the government had to accept political parties, but did not have to incorporate them into a major part of the government. He says the tendency to form factions is inherent, however the effectiveness of parties can be regulated. If the party does not have a majority, it can be controlled by a majority vote. Madison believed that in the government established by the Constitution, political parties should be tolerated and controlled by the government, however parties should never control the government. Madison was absolutely convinced that parties were harmful to government, but his fundamental point was to control parties to prevent them from being dangerous. Schattschneider's view differed from Madison's in that he did not believe that political parties were completely destructive to government. and that their effectiveness should be almost completely abolished. However, he agreed with Madison on the idea that the Constitution tolerated parties but then created a system to absolutely limit their powers. Schattschneider stressed that the Constitution is both pro-party and anti-party. He wrote that the Constitution established certain rights for the people, which in turn made the government tolerant of a party system. For example, he cited the right to organize as an example of a civil right guaranteed by the Constitution that helped establish a system of partisan tolerance.