IntroductionWhat is the purpose of testing military nuclear energy? It is true that most nations may not be able to understand its purpose because there are some risks if the tests are conducted. For example, if a nation tested nuclear devices, it could be criticized by other nations due to the danger of nuclear energy. However, even though testing is risky, some nations may decide to test nuclear energy for some reason in order to justify the testing. The case of India is no longer an exception. The world was shocked by India when three underground nuclear devices were tested on May 11, 1998, and two additional nuclear devices were tested by India two days later (Perkovich 1999). As a result, India was criticized by some countries such as the United States or Japan and imposed sanctions because of the tests (Mohanty 2013). In response to India's tests, five nuclear devices were tested and another nuclear device was later detonated by Pakistan (Mohanty 2013). Even though India faced some risks, such as sanctions being imposed by other countries due to the tests, why did India decide to test nuclear devices? If India openly tested these devices in front of other nations, it would run greater risks because the tests would be easily recognized by other countries and those nations would punish India more easily. I argue that it was inevitable to openly test military nuclear devices in 1998 and there are some reasons why it is being tested and those reasons can be linked to some concepts of realism. Such reasons are the political context, military power and international relations with other relevant countries such as Pakistan, China and the United States. Furthermore, this article will apply some concepts of realism such as political self...... half of the article...... international relations, 6th edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford.Gandhi, I 2013, 'Why India went down the path of nuclear weapons', Early Times, 9 May. Garver, JW 2001, 'The restoration of Sino-India comity following India's nuclear tests', The China Quarterly, no. 168, pp. 865 -89.Hu, RW 1999, 'India's nuclear bomb and future Sino-Indian relations', East Asia: An International Quarterly, vol. 'India goes nuclear: rationales, benefits, costs and implications', Contemporary Southeast Asia, vol 20, no. 215.Mohanty, N 2013, America, Pakistan, and the India factor, Palgrave Macmillan. , New York, NY.Perkovich, G 1999, India's Nuclear Bomb: The Impact on GlobalProliferation, University of California Press, Berkeley , California Thomas, R GC 2006, 'Nuclear favoritism: Bush, India and Pakistan', Global Dialogue, vol. 8, no. 1-2.