Urban social and spatial geography is largely related to family income. Kaplan and Berube's texts were examined in class to demonstrate that these concepts are directly related. The Claritas Corporation has created “lifestyle clusters” that attempt to explain division in social geography along with the occurrence of different divisions within cities. Complexity theory goes along with this concept by explaining that a city is a series of complex processes and can be understood through the different elements of an urban area. Cities are often considered emergent systems and processes that can be related to biology, and these processes are often driven by human activity. This is often called macrosocial behavior, that is, behaviors that last longer than their component elements. Urban areas can also be linked to top-down processes and therefore studied across neighbourhoods. Cities are not areas that can be seen as a whole, but are broken down for a better understanding of their complexity. By examining several texts, and in particular census data and Claritas Corporation's “lifestyle clusters,” a definition of urban spaces is created socially and spatially. Furthermore, thanks to technological advances, the skill examines cities and their functioning is determined more accurately. Lifestyles also gave rise to the Potential Rating Index for Zip Markets, New Evolution or PRIZM NE. This was a process that assigned zip codes to predefined clusters based on the socioeconomic characteristics of the area. Several features included; wealth, race, age, ethnicity, family structure, etc. This study also explained spatial information and how cities are divided. One of the goals of these groups is to reach downtown Cincinnati's charter neighborhoods. Finally, by reading and understanding Kaplan and Berube's texts, along with supporting theories, the segregation of citizens' neighborhoods socially and spatially can be better understood. Cincinnati's urban core is deteriorating due to this segregation and this is not only a fact but something that can be said by visually examining the area. Cincinnati is not just an urban area that experiences this fragmentation, it is defined by this separation. Ultimately, Cincinnati must work against trends that have occurred to limit residential segregation and converge cities. It is a challenge to distance people from the familiar, but through education and awareness of this fragmentation and deterioration of the city people can overcome the comfort of embracing different nationalities and ethnicities that are not theirs..