Peacetime gender roles and behaviors involve greater flexibility, however, through times of war more traditionalist conventions such as men acting as protectors and women as caretakers are further strengthen. This essay will first discuss the difference between sex and gender. Secondly, it will explore these roles and behaviors during peacetime, as in more relaxed and peaceful circumstances, the defined barriers of social norms and conventions evident in wartime, are not so clear. It will then compare female and male roles during the war with a focus on the war in Bosnia. Using the Bosnian War, this essay will exemplify that when a state is threatened by another state, a government will try to take control of its citizens, influencing and reinforcing these wartime gender roles and behaviors (Mostov 1995). Accordingly, this essay will discuss how men's perceived role is transformed in war, for example, how they feel pressure to appear overtly masculine through the suppression of opposition. This is in contrast to the role of women in battle, for example with the Bosnian government encouraging women to take care of themselves, to have children to serve for the nation. Through the example of the Bosnian War, this essay will examine how a gender crisis emerges when men feel emasculated as they do not fulfill their gender roles (Bracewell 2000 p. 577). Men feel threatened by women, as they do not fully fulfill their duty to protect not only the nation, but also their wives from the enemy. The gender crisis will be explored through the example of the Bosnian war and how men moved to reassert their power through rape. Rape was an attempt by men to strengthen their masculinity and power and to humiliate the enemy... center of paper... Technical Overview of Women in the Workplace. New York: Catalyst, March 3, 2014. http://www.catalyst.org/knowledge/statistical-overview-women-workplace#footnote6_1l423ku War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa Author: Joshua S. GoldsteinPublisher : Cambridge University Press, New York, 2003. [Paperback] Published 2003Reviewed by: Gazala Paul, Trustee, Samerth Trust (Working for Peace and Reconciliation), Gujarat, India1. William Broyles Jr., “Why Men Love War,” (1-10) Esquire, November 19842. Barbara Ehrenreich, “Men Hate War Too,” (118-122) Special Topic: Gender Roles in Times of War and Peace1840:485/585:802Spring Semester 2008Paula MaggioTeacher AssistantWomen's Studies ProgramUniversity of AkronAkron, OhioSource: K. Marx, A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1977