Exam 2 Short Answers #1It is argued that psychoanalysis fails at the fourth stage of the standard scientific method model because there has been no significant accumulation of knowledge for the theory since it was introduced. It seems that nothing has progressed and therefore it could be argued that because there has been no progress, psychoanalysis is simply unscientific. Thomas Kuhn, philosopher of science, believes, however, that this view of science is not accurate. He wrote an article titled: The Structure of the Scientific Revolution in which he argued that science does not progress in a linear fashion regarding knowledge, but rather science has two different forms of accumulation of scientific knowledge. Paradigms are “kings” in the realm of scientific research. These are theories spread across the world that are at the cutting edge of science that everyone believes. When scientists encounter anomalies that cannot be explained by these universally accepted paradigms, a new paradigm comes into focus and “revolutionary science” occurs. These “paradigm shifts” abruptly transform that scientific field and new theories begin to develop. This results in a rapid increase in knowledge for that given field. The Capricious Revolution is a great example of this type of science. The previous paradigm in the scientific community was that the earth was flat, but then a revolution occurred and a new paradigm emerged: that the earth was actually round. Breakthrough science, however, doesn't always happen. Before a revolution can occur, scientists conduct routine tests and experiments within the commonly held paradigm. This state of puzzle solving is known as “normal science.” When the scientist performs...... half of the paper......der (or NPD). If you look at the DSM you will find nine common symptoms for someone with this disorder, but the individual only needs five to be labeled as having this disease. Some of these criteria are sobering, take for example: “demands excessive admiration”, “shows arrogant and haughty behavior or attitudes”, “is often envious of others or believes that others are envious of him or her” and “is worried of fantasies of unlimited success, power, brilliance, beauty or ideal love” can also be applied to “normal” people. Who has ever had some or all of these thoughts at any given time? I'm pretty sure everyone has it. Does this make you sick? It seems that some mental disorders are used to impose morals and norms in society. If one does not exhibit these norms he is considered sick and needs to be treated to conform to these norms.