Topic > Brueggemann's bridge between formal criticism of the Psalms, theology and spirituality The "formal criticism" of the Psalms has existed for less than a hundred years. Before the studies of the 1920s, the use of the Psalms was practically limited to a "historical-critical" approach and a "Christological" approach. That is, respectively, establish who wrote what and why and read the psalms in the context of "Christ". To fully appreciate how Brueggemann builds these bridges between form criticism, theology, and spirituality, we will first examine a basic understanding of the foundations of form criticism upon which Brueggemann offered his new framework. Secondly we will examine Brueggemann's framework and how he builds and develops these bridges in theology and spirituality. Finally we will reflect on 'Christian spirituality'. Meaning what; we will reflect on how this framework helps us in our engagement with secular spirituality with particular reference to the area of ​​“urban hip-hop” and “new punk”. I am basing my understanding and framework of spirituality on the work of Bob Mayo in his work “Making Sense of Generation Y” (2006). In it he proposes that spirituality can be understood in two ways: formative spirituality; this is a level of spiritual understanding and awareness that everyone is born with and everyone has. And secondly transformative spirituality; that is, a level of spiritual understanding and awareness that is based on formative spirituality to have personal and community implementation. And so answering 'How does Brueggemann build bridges between the formal criticism of the Psalms, theology and spirituality?' I will approach spirituality from a transformative Christian vision and from a secular vision of formative spirituality. THE DEVELOPMENT OF FORM CRITIQUE As previously stated, it was not until the 1920s and the work of Hermann Gunkel and his student Sigmund Mowinkel that form criticism truly began. . Gunkel and Mowinkel observed that the Psalms actually had only a very limited framework of approaches and styles: the hymn, the communal lament, the individual lament, the royal psalms, and the individual thanksgiving. Further work has identified five additional, less common categories of Psalms: Community Thanksgiving, Wisdom, Pilgrimage, Entrance Liturgies, and finally Mixed Poems .